BEAT, the four pillars of wellbeing in organizations
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
This article is a theoretical discussion that seeks to describe the pillars that literature has identified as cornerstones for an organization to be positive meanwhile showing concern for its workers’ well-being. Four elements are proposed in this paper: the implementation of healthy organizational practices to contribute to the well-being (B) of employees; the (E) focus on positive leadership that involves feedback, communication, and goal setting; the presence of positive environments (A) for workers and meaningful work (T). The elements are integrated into the acronym BEAT (in Spanish). The presence of the components associated with a positive organization will generate greater well-being for workers with positive outcomes for organizations. The BEAT model allows the workers of an organization to evaluate their work, the relationship with their colleagues and leader, as well as the organization. Knowing the pillars of worker well-being within the firm will provide companies with the possibility of measuring and improving those pillars to achieve better organizational results.
Adler, A. (2017). Positive education: Educating for academic success and for a fulfilling life. Papeles Del Psicologo, 38(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2017.2821 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2017.2821
Allan, B. A., Douglass, R. P., Duffy, R. D., & McCarty, R. J. (2016). Meaningful Work as a Moderator of the Relation Between Work Stress and Meaning in Life. Journal of Career Assessment, 24(3), 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072715599357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072715599357
Alsharo, M., Gregg, D., & Ramirez, R. (2017). Virtual team effectiveness: The role of knowledge sharing and trust. Information and Management, 54(4), 479-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.10.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.10.005
Amabile, T. M., Barsade, S. G., Mueller, J. S., & Staw, B. M. (2005). Affect and creativity at work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 367-403. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.3.367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.3.367
Baicker, K., Cutler, D., & Song, Z. (2010). Workplace wellness programs can generate savings. Health Affairs, 29(2), 304-311. https://doi.org/https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0626 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0626
Bailey, C., Lips-Wiersma, M., Madden, A., Yeoman, R., Thompson, M., & Chalofsky, N. (2019). The Five Paradoxes of Meaningful Work: Introduction to the special Issue ‘Meaningful Work: Prospects for the 21st Century.’ Journal of Management Studies, 56(3), 481-499. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12422
Baker, W. E. (2019). Emotional Energy, Relational Energy, and Organizational Energy: Toward a Multilevel Model. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 6, 373-395. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012218-015047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012218-015047
Bakker, A. B. (2011). An Evidence-Based Model of Work Engagement. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411414534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411414534
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., Aaker, J. L., & Garbinsky, E. N. (2013). Some key differences between a happy life and a meaningful life. Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(6), 505-516. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.830764 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.830764
Bellet, C., de Neve, J., & Ward, G. (2019). Does employee happiness have an impact on productivity? Saïd Business School WP, 13. https://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=3470734 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3470734
Bertera, R. L. (1990). The effects of workplace health promotion on absenteeism and employment costs in a large industrial population. American Journal of Public Health, 80(9), 1101-1105. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.80.9.1101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.80.9.1101
Blanch, J., Gil, F., Antino, M., & Rodríguez-Muñoz, A. (2016). Modelos de liderazgo positivo: Marco Teórico y líneas de investigación. Papeles Del Psicólogo, 37, 170-176. https://doi.org/https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/778/77847916003.pdf
Böckerman, P., Ilmakunnas, P. (2012). The job satisfaction-productivity nexus: A study using matched survey and register data. ILR Review, 65(2), 244-262. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/001979391206500203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001979391206500203
Bryson, A., Stokes, L. (2017). Does employees’ subjective well-being affect workplace performance ? Human Relations, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726717693073 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726717693073
Cameron, K. (2013). Practicing Positive Leadership. Berrett-Koehler.
Cameron, K., Mora, C., Leutscher, T., & Calarco, M. (2011). Effects of positive practices on organizational effectiveness. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 47(3), 266-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886310395514 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886310395514
Cameron, K. S. (2004). Positive Organizational Scholarship: Foundations of a New Discipline. Berrett-Koehler Publishers
Cameron, K. S. (2012a). Positive Leadership: Strategies for Extraordinary Performance. (2a ed.). Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Carbelo, B., Jáuregui, E. (2006). Emociones positivas: humor positivo. Papeles Del Psicólogo, 27(1), 18-30. https://doi.org/https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/778/77827104.pdf
Charles‐Leija, H., Aboites, G., y Llamas, I. (2018). Una revisión de aportaciones que contribuyeron al estudio de la utilidad y la felicidad en la economía. Análisis Económico, XXXIII(84), 57-76. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/ane/v33n84/2448-6655-ane-33-84-57.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/ae/2018v33n84/Charles
Charles-Leija, H., Torres García, A. J., y Castro Lugo, D. (2018). Efectos del capital social en el empleo en México. Revista de Economía Institucional, 20(38), 263-283. https://doi.org/10.18601/01245996.v20n38.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18601/01245996.v20n38.11
Charles-Leija, H., Torres García, A. J., y Castro-Lugo, D. (2021). Búsqueda de empleo, capital social y salarios en México. Revista de Economía del Rosario, 24(2), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/economia/a.10470 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/economia/a.10470
Crabtree, S. (2013). Worldwide, 13% of Employees Are Engaged at Work. https://doi.org/https://news.gallup.com/poll/165269/worldwide-employees-engaged-work.aspx
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499. https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2001-06715-012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
Dimaria, C. H., Peroni, C., & Sarracino, F. (2019). Happiness Matters: Productivity Gains from Subjective WellBeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21, 139-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00074-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00074-1
Dutton, J. E. (2003). Energize your workplace: How to create and sustain high-quality connections at work (Vol. 50). John Wiley & Sons.
Edmans, A. (2012). The link between job satisfaction and firm value, with implications for corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0046
Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What Good Are Positive Emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300-319. https://doi.org/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity. Harmony.
Fredrickson, B. L., Joiner, T. (2018). Reflections on Positive Emotions and Upward Spirals. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 194-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617692106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617692106
Friedman, A., Carmeli, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2018). When does respectful engagement with one’s supervisor foster help-seeking behaviors and performance? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 104, 184-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.11.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.11.007
Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Wyss, T. (2012a). The good character at work: an initial study on the contribution of character strengths in identifying healthy and unhealthy work-related behavior and experience patterns. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 85, 895-904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0736-x
Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Wyss, T. (2012b). The good character at work : an initial study on the contribution of character strengths in identifying healthy and unhealthy work-related behavior and experience patterns. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 85, 895-904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0736-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0736-x
Gil-Beltrán, E., Llorens, S., & Salanova, M. (2020). Employees’ Physical Exercise, Resources, Engagement, and Performance: A Cross-sectional Study from HERO Model. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 36(1), 39-47. https://journals.copmadrid.org/jwop/files/1576_5962_rpto_36_1_0039.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2020a4
Gutierrez, T. (2014). Si tus empleados enferman, tu empresa también. https://www.altonivel.com.mx/liderazgo/management/46750-empleados-enfermos-perdidas-cuantiosas-para-empresas/Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). Well‐being in the workplace and its relationship to business outcomes: A review of the Gallup studies. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: The positive person and the good life (pp. 205-224). American Psychological Association. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/10594-009
Harzer, C., Ruch, W. (2015). The relationships of character strengths with coping , work-related stress, and job satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00165
Harzer, C., & Ruch, W. (2016). Your Strengths are Calling: Preliminary Results of a Web-Based Strengths Intervention to Increase. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(6), 2237-2256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9692-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9692-y
Hill, P. L., Turiano, N. A., Mroczek, D. K., & Burrow, A. L. (2016a). The value of a purposeful life: Sense of purpose predicts greater income and net worth. Journal of Research in Personality, 65, 38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.003
Hill, P. L., Turiano, N. A., Mroczek, D. K., & Burrow, A. L. (2016b). The value of a purposeful life: Sense of purpose predicts greater income and net worth. Journal of Research in Personality, 65, 38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.003
Jia, C. X., Cheung, C., & Fu, C. (2020). Work Support, Role Stress, and Life Satisfaction among Chinese Social Workers : The Mediation Role of Work-Family Conflict. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8881), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238881 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238881
Johnson, S. L., Murray, G., Fredrickson, B., Youngstrom, E. A., Hinshaw, S., Bass, J. M., Deckersbach, T., Schooler, J., & Salloum, I. (2012). Creativity and bipolar disorder: Touched by fire or burning with questions? Clinical Psychology Review, 32(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.10.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.10.001
King, E. B., Chermont, K., West, M., Dawson, J. F., & Hebl, M. R. (2007). How innovation can alleviate negative consequences of demanding work contexts: The influence of climate for innovation on organizational outcomes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80(4), 631-645. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317906X171145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/096317906X171145
Koo, J., Suh, E. M. (2013). Koo, J., & Suh, E. M. (2013). The influence of happiness on future income and job performance. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 27(2), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2013.27.2.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2013.27.2.002
Krekel, C., Ward, G., & de Neve, J. E. (2019). What Makes for a Good Job? Evidence Using Subjective Wellbeing Data. In M. Rojas (Ed.), The Economics of Happiness. https://doi.org/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4_11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4_11
Littman-Ovadia, H., Lavy, S., & Boiman-Meshita, M. (2017). When Theory and Research Collide: Examining Correlates of Signature Strengths Use at Work. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(2), 527-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9739-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9739-8
Lombas, A. S., Jiménez, T. I., Arguís-Rey, R., Hernández-Paniello, S., Valdivia-Salas, S., & Martín-Albo, J. (2019). Impact of the Happy Classrooms Programme on Psychological Well-being, School Aggression, and Classroom Climate. Mindfulness, 10(8), 1642-1660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01132-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01132-8
Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. (2009). Measuring Positive Emotions. In E. Diener, (Ed.), Assessing Well-Being. Social Indicators Research Series (vol. 39, pp. 139-155). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_7
Lysova, E. I., Jansen, P. G. W., Khapova, S. N., Plomp, J., & Tims, M. (2018). Examining calling as a double-edged sword for employability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 104, 261-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.11.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.11.006
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
McKenna, B., Biloslavo, R. (2011). Human flourishing as a foundation for a new sustainability oriented business school curriculum: Open questions and possible answers. Journal of Management and Organization, 17(5), 691. https://doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2011.17.5.691 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2011.17.5.691
Mackey, J., Sisodia, R. (2014). Conscious capitalism, with a new preface by the authors: Liberating the heroic spirit of business. Harvard Business Review Press.
McKnight, P. E., Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Purpose in Life as a System That Creates and Sustains Health and Well-Being: An Integrative, Testable Theory. Review of General Psychology, 13(3), 242-251. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017152
Michie, S. (2009). Pride and gratitude: How positive emotions influence the prosocial behaviors of organizational leaders. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 15(4), 393-403. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051809333338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051809333338
Miglianico, M., Dubreuil, P., Miquelon, P., Bakker, A. B., & Martin-Krumm, C. (2020). Strength Use in the Workplace: A Literature Review. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(2), 737-764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00095-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00095-w
Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L. (2008). Toward a further understanding of the relationships between perceptions of support and work attitudes: A meta-analysis. Group and Organization Management, 33(3), 243-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601107313307 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601107313307
Nikolova, M., Cnossen, F. (2020). What makes work meaningful and why economists should care about it. Labour Economics, 65, 101847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101847
Nixon, A. E., Mazzola, J. J., Bauera, J., Krueger, J. R., & Spector, P. E. (2011). Can work make you sick? A meta-analysis of the relationships between job stressors and physical symptoms. Work and Stress, 25(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2011.569175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2011.569175
Nuutinen, S., Ahola, S., Eskelinen, J., & Kuula, M. (2021). How job resources influence employee productivity and technology-enabled performance in financial services: the job demands–resources model perspective. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 9(2), 233-252 https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JOEPP-01-2021-0014/full/html DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-01-2021-0014
Oades, L. G., Robinson, P., Green, S., & Spence, G. B. (2011). Towards a positive university. Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(6), 432-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.634828 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.634828
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome: Issues in organization and management series. Lexington Books.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (1948). Constitución de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. URL: https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd48/basic-documents-48th-edition-sp.pdf?ua=1#page=7
Ouweneel, E., Le Blanc, P. M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2011). Flourishing students: A longitudinal study on positive emotions, personal resources, and study engagement. Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(2), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.558847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.558847
Pang, D., Ruch, W. (2019). Fusing Character Strengths and Mindfulness Interventions : Benefits for Job Satisfaction and Performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24(1), 150-162. https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Focp0000144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000144
Peláez, M. J., Coo, C., & Salanova, M. (2020). Facilitating Work Engagement and Performance Through Strengths-Based Micro-coaching: A Controlled Trial Study. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(4), 1265-1284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00127-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00127-5
Queirós, C., Passos, F., Bártolo, A., Faria, S., Fonseca, S. M., Marques, A. J., Silva, C. F., & Pereira, A. (2020). Job stress, burnout and coping in police officers: Relationships and psychometric properties of the organizational police stress questionnaire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186718 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186718
Rojas, M., Charles-Leija, H. (2022). Chile, milagro de crecimiento económico, pero… ¿y el bienestar? Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 30(59), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.18504/pl3059-005-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18504/pl3059-005-2022
Rousseau, V., Salek, S., Aubé, C., & Morin, E. M. (2009). Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice, and Psychological Distress: The Moderating Effect of Coworker Support and Work Autonomy. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(3), 305-317. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015747 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015747
Rudolph, C. W., Katz, I. M., Ruppel, R., & Zacher, H. (2021). A systematic and critical review of research on respect in leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(1), 101492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101492 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101492
Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B., Llorens, S., Peiro, J. M., y Grau, R. (2000). Desde el “burnout” al “engagement”: ¿una nueva perspectiva? Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 16(2), 117-134. http://www.want.uji.es/download/desde-el-burnout-al-engagement-una-nueva-perspectiva
Salanova, M., Martínez, I., Cifre, E., & Llorens, S. (2009). La salud ocupacional desde la perspectiva psicosocial: aspectos teóricos y conceptuales. In M. Salanova (Ed.), Psicología de la Salud Ocupacional (pp. 27-62). Editorial Síntesis.
Salanova, M., Lorente, L., Chambel, M. J., & Martínez, I. M. (2011). Linking transformational leadership to nurses’ extra-role performance: The mediating role of self-efficacy and work engagement. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(10), 2256-2266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05652.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05652.x
Salanova, M., Llorens, S., Cifre, E., & Martínez, I. M. (2012). We Need a Hero! Toward a Validation of the Healthy and Resilient Organization (HERO) Model. Group & Organization Management, 37(6), 785-822. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601112470405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601112470405
Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Martínez, I. M. (2016). Aportaciones desde la Psicología Organizacional Positiva para desarrollar organizaciones saludables y resilientes. Papeles del Psicólogo, 37(3), 177-184. https://doi.org/http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/handle/10234/164266
Salanova, M. (2020). How to survive COVID-19 ? Notes from organisational resilience. International Journal of Social Psychology, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2020.1795397 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2020.1795397
Saldaña, C., Polo, J. D., Gutiérrez, O. I., y Madrigal, B. E. (2020). Bienestar psicológico, estrés y factores psicosociales en trabajadores de instituciones gubernamentales de Jalisco-México. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 26(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31308
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315. https://doi.org/10.1002/JOB.248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
Seligman, M. (1999). The president’s address. American Psychologist, 54, 559-562.
Seligman, M. (2012). Flourishing: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being. Simon and Schuster.
Seligman, M., y Adler, A. (2018). Positive education (Chap. 4, pp.52-73.). Global Happiness Policy Report.
Seligman, M. E. P., Ernst, R. M., Gillham, J., Reivich, K., & Linkins, M. (2009). Positive education: Positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Review of Education, 35(3), 293-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980902934563 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980902934563
Stam, W., Arzlanian, S., & Elfring, T. (2014). Journal of Business Venturing Social capital of entrepreneurs and small fi rm performance: A meta-analysis of contextual and methodological moderators. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 152-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.01.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.01.002
Steger, M. F. (2017). Creating Meaning and Purpose at Work. In J. P. L. G. Oades, M. F. Steger, A. Delle Fave (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Positivity and Strengths-Based Approaches at Work (pp. 60-81). Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118977620.ch5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118977620.ch5
Steger, M. F., Dik, B. J., & Duffy, R. D. (2012). Measuring Meaningful Work: The Work and Meaning Inventory (WAMI). Journal of Career Assessment, 20(3), 322-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711436160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711436160
Tan, H. H., Lim, A. K. H. (2009). Trust in coworkers and trust in organizations. Journal of Psychology, 143(1), 45-66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.143.1.45-66 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.143.1.45-66
Tillement, S., Cholez, C., & Reverdy, T. (2009). Assessing organizational resilience: an interactionist approach. Management, 12(4), 230-265. https://doi.org/https://www.cairn.info/revue-management-2009-4-page-230.htm DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/mana.124.0230
Torrente, P., Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Teams make it work: how team work engagement mediates between social resources and performance in teams. Psicothema, 24(1), 106-112. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=72723431017
Wilson, M. G., Dejoy, D. M., Vandenberg, R. J., Richardson, H. A., & Mcgrath, A. L. (2004). Work characteristics and employee health and well-being : Test of a model of healthy work organization. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 565-588. https://doi.org/https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1348/0963179042596522 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/0963179042596522
Wrzesniewski, A. (2003). Finding Positive Meaning in Work. In K. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship: foundations of a new discipline (pp. 296-308). Berrett- Koehler.
Wrzesniewski, A., Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378011
Accepted 2023-03-11
Published 2022-09-08
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.